The fatigue loading for the mooring and riser supports are often produced by a mooring/riser designer. Besides, the low frequency component may be significant for example in the moor-ing fatigue loads whereas the hull girder stress response is typically dominated by the 1st
order wave loads. Close to the mean water line the stress responses become non-linear due to the effect of intermittent wet and dry surfaces. Accounting for this effect can be done by introducing corrections for the external pressure distributions at the cost of additionally complicating the analysis procedure.
Several of the fatigue critical FPSO (floating production storage offloading) details are loaded by two simultaneous load processes. Examples being all foundations loaded by the external support loads and the global hull girder loads. For some structures also the wind loads are relevant for fatigue and their effect needs to be combined with that of the wave loads. In most cases the fatigue damages for the two loads are analyzed separately. There is seldom sufficient data on the actual stress response spectra to support accurate combining the responses for damage analysis.
Top 10 richest Malaysians in 2014: Malaysia now boasts a total of eighteen billionaires, up from fourteen a year ago! Let's now take a look at the ten of the richest locals in 2014. As many Malaysians are well aware of, our country is going through a period of lows; our currency, the Ringgit, is weakening, we are experiencing a slowing economy and a lackluster stock market. All these come together to affect those who are earning a regular salary. But all of it is probably nothing more than an extra shrug from the guys on this list – if at all. In fact, some of those on the Forbes’ Malaysia’s Richest Tycoon list (ie the richest Malaysians, as of March 2014) have seen their fortunes increase as well, due to shrewd business decisions (amongst other things) despite economic conditions. Malaysia now boasts a total of eighteen billionaires, up from fourteen a year ago! Let’s now take a look at the ten of the richest locals in 2014. Source: Forbes’ Malaysia’s 50 Richest List Number 10: ...
Comments