Seaworthiness can be measured in terms of the vessel's: 1 Reserve buoyancy; 2 Freeboard; 3 Range of stability; 4 Dynamic stability; 5 Structural integrity* and 6 Seakeeping. Ref: Daidola & Reyling, Marine Technology, SNAME, Nov. 1991. Note: Structural integrity is added by yours truly MM.
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For many years, ship structural researchers have been working towards the goal of reliability-based limit state design of ship structures. However, reliability-based design requires calculation of the ultimate limit state, not only of the hull girder, but also of all the structural panels and other members. Also, these calculations must be performed a large number of times. Therefore, it is not practical to use iterative finite element analyses for these calculations. For efficient computations, ultimate strength formulations must be developed as closedform expressions, both for structural components and for the complete hull girder. A number of studies on the ultimate collapse strength of ships’ hulls have been undertaken theoretically, numerically and experimentally. Some of the results have been reviewed by the ISSC Technical Committee III.1 on ‘Ultimate Strength’. The ultimate strength reliability of ships’ hulls, considering existing local damage related to corrosion, fatigue a
"Asbab-al-Nuzul or occasions and circumstances for the revelations; refers to a field of study and genre of literature devoted to recounting the circumstances of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and his followers when particular verses from the Glorious Qur'an were revealed. Legal scholars regard this study as of great importance, on the principle that sound understanding of the revelation proceeds from knowing the reasons Allah SWT revealed the Qur'an and how the Prophet Muhammad SAW applied the revelation when he received it. Asbab al-Nuzul sheds light on the ayah, it enlightens the tafsir and application of the ayah. The earliest and the most important work in this genre is undoubtedly Kitab Asbab al-Nuzul (Book of Occasions and Circumstances of revelation) of Ali ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi. Al-Wahidi mentions occasions of about 570 verses out of 6236 verses of the Qur'an. Wahidi's work is not only the first attempt to collect all the material regarding the occasions of revela
It is a standard practice to estimate the (1) capital expenditures (CAPEX), life cycle operating expenditures (OPEX), (2) cashflow based on recoverable reserves, production profile and the projected market price of barrel of oil equivalent (boe), and (3) the net return on investment. However, a very important parameter affecting not only the cost but potential damage to the environment is the “risk” factor. This parameter is especially important if the innovative concepts utilise less-than-mature technologies. Thus, it is necessary to assess the life cycle risk costs associated with the reliability characteristics of each concept structure component. The risk costs include those due to inherent or natural causes (e.g. hurricane) and those due to external causes (e.g. operations and maintenance). The combined life cycle risk costs are intended to provide insight into the reliability characteristics of each system component. Four key considerations in determining the life cycle relia
Selected References: 1 Shames, I. H., and J. M. Pitarresi. Introduction to Solid Mechanics. 3rd ed. N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2000. ISBN: 013267758X. 2 Bakhoum, M. Structural Mechanics, Volumes I & II. Egypt: M. Bakhoum, 1992. 3 Baxter, B. Naval Architecture: Examples and Theory. London: Griffin, 1967. 4 Crandall, S. H., N. C. Dahl, and T. J. Lardner. An Introduction to the Mechanics of Solids. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, 1972. 5 Den Hartog, J. P. Advanced Strength of Materials. McGraw-Hill, 1952. 6 Evans, J. H. Ship Structural Design Concepts. Cornell Maritime Press, 1983. 7 Gillmer, T. C., and B. Johnson. Introduction to Naval Architecture. United States Naval Institute, 1982. 8 Muckle, W. Strength of Ships' Structures. London: Edward Arnold Ltd, 1967. 9 Norris, C. H., J. B. Wilbur, and S. Utku. Elementary Structural Analysis. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, 1976. 10 Popov, E. P. Introduction to Mechanics of Solids. Prentice-Hall, 1968. 11 The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Prin
Professional Qualification and Experience: Mazlan Muslim, MEng, MRINA, graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Naval Architecture and Shipbuilding from Newcastle University, UK in 1979. Upon graduation, he started his career as a Naval Architect and Ship Surveyor. He spent 13 years of his professional career in the marine industry with the Marine Department of the Malaysian Ministry of Transport. He also served as Technical Manager during his stint with Ironwoods Shipyard Sdn Bhd in Kuching, Sarawak. This was later followed by serving as Technical Services Manager at MARA Shipyard & Engineering (Terengganu) (MSET) Sdn Bhd in Kuala Terengganu, and PSC Naval Dockyard Sdn Bhd (now known as Boustead Naval Shipyard Sdn Bhd) in Lumut, Perak. His was also a Senior Naval Architect with MISC Bhd and EA Technique Sdn Bhd, both in Kuala Lumpur. He was registered as a Chartered Engineer (C. Eng.) in the UK in 1987. Mazlan is dedicated to continuous education and skills development. H
1 Ships and the Maritime Environment 2 The Work of the Ship and Port Agent 3 Commercial Relationships 4 Ship Documentation 5 Cargo Documentation 6 What Agents Need to Know about Chartering 7 Port Agency Operations 8 Legal Aspects of Ship and Port Agency and Insurance 9 Finance, Accounting, Credit Management 10 Contemporary Issues 11 Case Study: Current Issues in Ship and Port Agency.
Concerning knowledge of the Creator [Sani'] (Almighty and Glorious is He) by Shaykh Abdul Qadir al-Jilani. We shall now give a concise account of our knowledge [ma'rifa] of the Creator [Sani'] (Almighty and Glorious is He), citing the relevant Qur'anic verses [ayat] and evidence from other sources. The believer must acknowledge and be thoroughly convinced that He is Single [Wahid], Unique [Fard], Eternal [Samad]. Say: "He is Allah, the One! Allah, the Everlasting! He does not beget, nor was He begotten; and there is none comparable unto Him." (112:1-4) There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing. (42:11) He has no match [shabih] and no counterpart [nazir], no assistant ['awn] and no partner [sharik], no aide [zahir] and no minister [wazir], no peer [nidd] and no adviser [mushir]. He is not a physical body [jism], for if He were, He could be touched. He is not a material substance [jawhar], for if He were, He would be accessib
The responsibilities of the marine engineer are rarely confined to the machinery space . Different companies have different practices, but usually all shipboard machinery, with the exception of radio equipment, is maintained by the marine engineer. Electrical engineers may be carried on very large ships, but if not, the electrical equipment is also maintained by the engineer. A broad-based theoretical and practical training is therefore necessary for a marine engineer. He must be a mechanical, electrical, air conditioning, ventilation and refrigeration engineer, as the need arises. Unlike his shore-based opposite number in these occupations, he must also deal with the specialised requirements of a floating platform in a most corrosive environment. Furthermore he must be self sufficient and capable of getting the job done with the facilities at his disposal. The modern ship is a complex collection of self-sustaining machinery providing the facilities to support a small community for
Submarine Safety Although going to sea on submarines will always pose a certain amount of danger, the best way to reduce the risk to Sailors is to prevent accidents from happening wherever possible, and to train the crew to respond properly when the unexpected does happen. Following the loss of the USS Thresher (SSN-593) in 1963, the US Navy instituted the SUBSAFE program. By establishing certain operating and casualty control procedures, implementing maintenance and material requirements for greater reliability, and installing emergency recovery systems, the US Navy dramatically improved the integrity and recoverability of submarines in the event of a casualty. Thorough crew training and qualification programs further reinforce that foundation of safety. The impressive safety record of the Submarine Force since the implementation of these programs is a testimony to their effectiveness. It is frequently argued that since US submarines spend 95 percent of their time operating in waters
Seven (7) Tips for Managing Your Project Budget: Managing costs using a financial plan is an area of vital importance for many project managers. For those that are responsible for managing project costs we have the following seven tips to make the job clearer to you. Tip 1. Estimate costs well to start The best cost management activities won't save you if you have an inaccurate cost estimate to begin with. You need to take the time to understand the work, determine the resources to apply to the work, and then estimate the cost of those resources. Try to get the numbers as accurate as possible. Use a Financial Plan to frame the resource needs and the cost of the resources. Tip 2: Validate estimated costs and the budget at each milestone As the project progresses you will know more and more about the nature of the work. As you complete each milestone, you should re-estimate the remaining work. This revised financial forecast, and the costs spent so far, will help you r
REFERENCES 1. RS Platou Economic Research AS, RS Platou Monthly. February 2012, pp. 4-5. 2. SOLAS regulation II-1/3-10. Goal-based ship construction standards for bulk carriers and oil tankers, adopted May 2010. 3. IMO Resolution MSC.287(87). International Goal-Based Ship Construction Standards for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tanks, adopted May 2010. 4. Horn, G. Cronin, D. The Common Structural Rules - Initial Designs and Future Developments. Tanker Structural Cooperative Forum 2010, Shipbuilders Meeting. 5. ABS, DNV, Lloyd’s Register. Common Structural Rules for Double Hull Oil Tankers – Consequence Assessment (Phase 2). 15 July 2005. 6. IACS. IACS Recommendation No. 34, Standard Wave Data. Revised November 2001. 7. MARPOL Annex I regulation 27. Intact Stability, adopted September 1997. 8. MARPOL Annex I regulation 23. Accidental oil outflow performance, adopted October 2004.
Project management focuses first on planning the work. This is a vital discipline, and allows the project team and the customer to have common perceptions of what the project is going to deliver, when it will be complete, what it will cost, who will do the work and how the work will be done. This includes items like: Understanding and gaining agreement on project objectives, deliverables, scope, risk, cost, approach, etc. Determining if the original business case is still valid. For instance, a project that requires 10,000 effort hours might make business sense. If the planning process determines that the effort is really 20,000 hours, the project may not make sense any more. Making sure the resources you need are available when you need them. Providing a high-level scope, schedule and budget baseline from which progress can be compared and measured. Working with your customer ahead of time on the processes used to manage the project. Executive value statement: Project planning helps
Ten (10) Things You Didn’t Know About The Kaaba: There is no place on Earth as venerated, as central or as holy to as many people as Mecca. By any objective standard, this valley in the Hijaz region of Arabia is the most celebrated place on Earth. Thousands circle the sacred Kaaba at the centre of the Haram sanctuary 24 hours a day. Millions of homes are adorned with pictures of it and over a billion face it five times a day. The Kaaba is the epicenter of Mecca. The cube shaped building is at the heart of the most well-known REAL ESTATE in the history of mankind; it is shrouded in black and its fair share of mystery. Here are just a few things that most people may not know about the Kaaba: 10. It has been reconstructed several times The Kaaba that we see today is not exactly the same Kaaba that was constructed by Prophets Ibrahim and Ismail From time to time, it has needed rebuilding after natural and man-made disasters. Of course, we all know of the major reconst