Piles that sustain lateral loads of significant magnitude are used in offshore structures. Piles used to stabilize slopes also are subjected to lateral loading. The lateral loads on piles are derived from earth pressures, wind pressures, current forces from flowing water, earthquakes, impact loads from barges and other vessels. Even if the above loads are not present, lateral load on piles can result from eccentric application of vertical load. In many cases, the design of piles is controlled by their lateral capacity instead of their axial capacity.

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