It is a standard practice to estimate the (1) capital expenditures (CAPEX), life cycle operating expenditures (OPEX), (2) cashflow based on recoverable reserves, production profile and the projected market price of barrel of oil equivalent (boe), and (3) the net return on investment. However, a very important parameter affecting not only the cost but potential damage to the environment is the “risk” factor. This parameter is especially important if the innovative concepts utilise less-than-mature technologies. Thus, it is necessary to assess the life cycle risk costs associated with the reliability characteristics of each concept structure component.

The risk costs include those due to inherent or natural causes (e.g. hurricane) and those due to external causes (e.g. operations and maintenance). The combined life cycle risk costs are intended to provide insight into the reliability characteristics of each system component. Four key considerations in determining the life cycle reliability characteristics are safety, durability, serviceability and practicality. These considerations can be defined as: safety: the requirement to prevent failure from natural hazard is met; durability: the overall requirement for maintenance is met; serviceability: the requirements for drilling and production are met; practicality: the requirements for schedule and expenditures are met. Reliability can be defined as the likelihood or probability that the system components have the ability to meet the four considerations applicable to each system. 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Khasiat Fadhilat (Isnad) Doa Haikal - Majmu' Syarif

Inilah khasiat fadhilat Doa Haikal yakni 7 doa drp no. 1 sampai no. 7 & sampai "Qul a'uuzubirabbinnaas" bahawasanya adalah diriwayatkan oleh Nabi kita Muhammad SAW pd suatu hari sedang Nabi kita SAW duduk di dalam Masjid Madinah maka Jibrail AS pun datang membawa firman ujarnya, "Ya Rasulullah SAW salam Allah SWT pd tuan hamba & firmannya, 'Hai kekasihku adapun doa ini yakni 7 doa ini dihantarkan Tuhan pd tuan hamba maka barangsiapa tiada percaya akan doa ini kafirlah ia & barangsiapa membaca dia atau menyimpan dia maka Allah SWT melepaskan dia & ibubapanya drpd api neraka ya Muhammad barangsiapa menaruh doa ini di dlm rumahnya maka tiada boleh masuk jin & syaitan ke dlm rumahnya itu ya Muhammad barangsiapa suratkan doa ini & dipakai diperbuat tangkal nescaya terlepaslah ia drpd azab sengsara & wabak & duduk itu dlm aman & lagi barangsiapa menaruh doa ini sentiasalah ia dihormati orang & termulialah ia pd orang banyak &
Read more
25 Doa Melimpah2 Rezeki 1. DIAMALKAN SETELAH SHALAT ISYA, Sebelum membaca amalan yang akan disampaikan di bawah ini, terlebih dulu lakukan : Setelah shalat isya lakukan shalat sunat ba’diyah 2 rakaat, Shalat tobat 2 rakaat , setelah selesai shalat tobat bacalah : Istighfar /astaghfirullahal adhim 1000x Laa ilaaha illa anta subhanaka inni kuntu minadhdholimin 100x Terus Shalat hajat 2 rakaat , setelah selesai shalat hajat bacalah: Sholawat : asholaatu wassalaamu ‘alaika yaa sayyidi rasullallah, hud bi yadii qolat hillati, adrikni (1000x) Yaa latif, yaa latif, yaa latif, sampai subuh (usahakan jangan kurang dari 41.000 x) Catatan : amalan di atas cukup diamalkan sekali saja (tapi tiap malam lebih bagus) bila anda sedang benar-benar mendapat kesulitan yang sudah tidak bisa diselesaikan lagi dengan cara biasa. 2. BARANG SIAPA SETIAP SELESAI SOLAT SUBUH DAN MAGRIB MAU MEMBACA : LAA ILAHA ILLA LLOOH AL MALIKUL HAQQUL MUBIIN. MUHAMMADUN RASULLULAH. SHODIQUL WA’DUL AMIIN 100x Maka All
Read more

Remembrance - Zikr

Zikir in Naqsyabandiyah order Silent Part, counting with stones: Shahada 3 times; astaghfirullah 70 times; Shaykh recites the du'a: "Allahuma Ya Musabbib al-Asbab, Ya Mufattih al-Abwaab, Ya Muqallib al-quloobi wal-absaar, Ya Daleel al-mutahayyireen, Ya Ghiyath al-mustaghatheen, Ya Hayyu, Ya Qayyum, Ya Dhul-Jalali wa-l-Ikram! Wa ufawwidu amri il-Allah, inn-Allaha baseerun bil- c ibad." Rabitat ash-sharif , connect your heart to the heart of the Shaykh, from him to the heart of the Prophet (s), the Prophet (s) will connect you to the Divine Presence; Fatiha 7 times; Salawat - prayer on Prophet (s) 100 times; Surat al-Inshirah 79 times; Surat al-Ikhlas 1001 times; Fatiha 7 times; Salawat 100 times; one person, by the order of the Shaykh will recite Qur'an; Ihda : presentation by the Shaykh as gift to the Prophet (s) and to the saints and Shaykhs of the Naqshbandi Order and all other orders; Loud Part: ‘la ilaha ill-Allah' 10
Read more